南海北部陆缘新生代玄武岩地球化学特征及成因     

曹楚奇  熊发挥  杨胜标  徐向珍  刘飞  牛晓露  冯光英  邱添  杨经绥 《地质学报》2022,96(8):2683-2704

南海盆地及周缘地区新生代玄武岩对揭示南海盆地的演化历史至关重要，然而这些玄武岩的成因还存在争议。本文研究了位于南海北部陆缘的海南岛临高县多文组玄武岩岩石地球化学和矿物地球化学特征，并探讨其成因和构造背景。多文组玄武岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜长石、斜方辉石、铬尖晶石和铁钛氧化物等组成。橄榄石Fo值变化于55. 5~71. 1之间，Ni的含量较低， Fe/Mn比值较高。铬尖晶石Cr#值为74. 1~82. 7，Mg#值为45. 5~63. 8， Ti的含量较高。斜方辉石Mg#值为63. 9~79. 6，单斜辉石为66. 0~80. 6。单斜辉石稀土配分曲线富集MREE，亏损LREE和HREE，呈拱形分布。斜长石以中- 拉长石为主(Ab36. 56~52. 78), 富集LREE、Ba、Sr和Eu。铁钛氧化物的TiO2含量为50. 19%~51. 46%。多文组玄武岩原始岩浆的主量和微量元素组成与夏威夷、峨眉山、塔里木等玄武岩组成一致，地幔源区包含了辉石岩的成分，而且其地幔潜在温度(＞1400℃)和氧逸度(ΔNNO)要高于大洋中脊玄武岩(N- MORB)，表明多文组玄武岩的形成与海南地幔柱活动有关。由于海南地幔柱形成时代明显晚于南海盆地的扩张时代，认为南海地幔柱是南海盆地伸展的被动响应。  相似文献   

碳中和目标下关键矿产在清洁能源转型中的作用、供需分析及其建议          下载免费PDF全文

王欢  马冰  贾凌霄  于洋  胡嘉修  王为 《中国地质》2021,48(6):1720-1733

在"碳中和"目标的驱动下，全球能源系统向清洁化、低碳化甚至无碳化发展已是大势所趋。针对向清洁能源转型的需求，采用了统计对比、分类汇总、综合分析等方法，分析研究了关键矿产在电池、电网、低碳发电和氢能等行业中的作用和需求。结合当前关键矿产产量的地理集中度高、项目开发周期长、资源质量下降等矿产供应和投资计划不能满足清洁能源转型的需求等问题，提出确保关键矿产多样性供应，推动价值链各环节的技术创新，扩大回收利用，增强供应链弹性和市场透明度，将更高的环境、社会和治理标准纳入主流程及加强生产者和消费者之间的国际合作等建议。  相似文献   

重视和加强岩矿物性的测量研究     

蒋宏耀  张立敏 《地球物理学进展》1995,10(3):118-123

本文从物探科学技术的进步,勘查任务的发展变化、物探方法应用范畴的扩大和物性勘探等几个方面,论述了岩石和矿物物理性质测量、研究的重要性,指出：物性工作不可能毕其功于一役,并提出了五点建议：１．深入研究各类矿藏及其围岩（直至地面）物性的空间变化规律,为选择、研究合适的物探方法,提高物探效果,进一步探讨“直接”找矿问题,提供依据;２．这项工作可专门进行,但最好尽可能利用为其他目的而设计的钻井进行;３．物  相似文献   

我国勘查地球物理的若干进展─1994年   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈云升 《物探与化探》1995,19(6):401-414

1994年,我国固体矿产地球物理工作仍不景气,水文、工程、环境地球物理市场平稳,油气地球物理工作持续增长.陆上三维地震年工作量首次超过一万平方公里.高山、大沙漠地区三维地震采集创造成功经验,地震数据全三维处理、解释技术和软件系统的研究和应用取得显着进展.航空地球物理工作量略有回升.总体上1994年我国各类勘查地球物理方法在“硬件”(仪器设备)方面的新进展相对较少,而在“软件”(方法技术特别是数据处理、解释技术)的研究、应用方面则取得较多重要进展.  相似文献   

On Szebehely's problem for holonomic systems involving generalized potential functions     

Francesco Borghero  Antonio Melis 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1990,49(3):273-284

We consider the problem of finding the generalized potential function V = U _i(q ¹, q ²,..., q ⁿ)q ⁱ + U(q ¹, q ²,...;q ⁿ) compatible with prescribed dynamical trajectories of a holonomic system. We obtain conditions necessary for the existence of solutions to the problem: these can be cast into a system of n – 1 first order nonlinear partial differential equations in the unknown functions U ₁, U ₂,...;, U _n, U. In particular we study dynamical systems with two degrees of freedom. Using adapted coordinates on the configuration manifold M ₂ we obtain, for potential function U(q ¹, q ²), a classic first kind of Abel ordinary differential equation. Moreover, we show that, in special cases of dynamical interest, such an equation can be solved by quadrature. In particular we establish, for ordinary potential functions, a classical formula obtained in different way by Joukowsky for a particle moving on a surface.Work performed with the support of the Gruppo Nazionale di Fisica Matematica (G.N.F.M.) of the Italian National Research Council.  相似文献   

综合利用地震多参数预测油气藏     

杨丙中  邓俊国 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1990,(3)

以吉林省境内红星构造带(已发现油田)和杨柳青构造带(未发现油田)为试验区,首先利用地震地层学方法,研究间接参数特征,确定有利相带和有效圈闭,并在有效圈闭上选择了39个2×2cm时窗。在时窗内提取与地震波动力学有关的信息,即频率、振幅、频谱能量等,然后对这种信息进行统计计算,获得振幅方差等九个参数并对其进行综合分析,从已知油气藏出发,对未知圈闭油气状况进行了三级预测,指出了最有利的勘探靶区。  相似文献   

The petroleum generation potential and effective oil window of humic coals related to coal composition and age   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Henrik I. Petersen   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2006,67(4):221-248

A worldwide data set of more than 500 humic coals from the major coal-forming geological periods has been used to analyse the evolution in the remaining (Hydrogen Index, HI) and total (Quality Index, QI) generation potentials with increasing thermal maturity and the ‘effective oil window’ (‘oil expulsion window’). All samples describe HI and QI bands that are broad at low maturities and that gradually narrow with increasing maturity. The oil generation potential is completely exhausted at a vitrinite reflectance of 2.0–2.2%R_o or T_max of 500–510 °C. The initial large variation in the generation potential is related to the original depositional conditions, particularly the degree of marine influence and the formation of hydrogen-enriched vitrinite, as suggested by increased sulphur and hydrogen contents. During initial thermal maturation the HI increases to a maximum value, HI_max. Similarly, QI increases to a maximum value, QI_max. This increase in HI and QI is related to the formation of an additional generation potential in the coal structure. The decline in QI with further maturation is indicating onset of initial oil expulsion, which precedes efficient expulsion. Liquid petroleum generation from humic coals is thus a complex, three-phase process: (i) onset of petroleum generation, (ii) petroleum build-up in the coal, and (iii) initial oil expulsion followed by efficient oil expulsion (corresponding to the effective oil window). Efficient oil expulsion is indicated by a decline in the Bitumen Index (BI) when plotted against vitrinite reflectance or T_max. This means that in humic coals the vitrinite reflectance or T_max values at which onset of petroleum generation occurs cannot be used to establish the start of the effective oil window. The start of the effective oil window occurs within the vitrinite reflectance range 0.85–1.05%R_o or T_max range 440–455 °C and the oil window extends to 1.5–2.0%R_o or 470–510 °C. For general use, an effective oil window is proposed to occur from 0.85 to 1.7%R_o or from 440 to 490 °C. Specific ranges for HI_max and the effective oil window can be defined for Cenozoic, Jurassic, Permian, and Carboniferous coals. Cenozoic coals reach the highest HI_max values (220–370 mg HC/g TOC), and for the most oil-prone Cenozoic coals the effective oil window may possibly range from 0.65 to 2.0%R_o or 430 to 510 °C. In contrast, the most oil-prone Jurassic, Permian and Carboniferous coals reach the expulsion threshold at a vitrinite reflectance of 0.85–0.9%R_o or T_max of 440–445 °C.  相似文献   

位场自动反演技术的研究现状及意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张季生 《地球学报》2006,27(6):609-612

本文首先叙述了重、磁异常自动反演技术的特点。与传统的定性分析重、磁场分布特征的方法不同,重、磁异常自动反演方法通过反演得到地下场源分布,即地下密度或磁性的分布特征。由于密度体或磁性体与地质体的关系更为直接,因此这种新一代重、磁解释成果及图件将成为人们从新的角度来认识地质构造的基础材料。文中不但阐述了该方法的研究现状,同时也说明了存在的问题。  相似文献   

Hydrology and hydrogeology of Sakaryabaşı Karstic springs, Çifteler, Turkey     

G. Günay 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(2):229-240

The Sakarya River is one of the largest rivers in Turkey and is fed mainly from Sakaryabaşı springs. The Sakaryabaşı springs are located in the Central Anatolia and issue from confined/semi-confined karst having a thermal component and therefore, having quite different hydrogeological characteristics as compared to the Taurus Karst region, a typical example of the Mediterranean type of karst. The karstic carbonate rocks that form the groundwater reservoir are overlain by a thick semi-pervious overburden of mainly clastics of Neogene age. Tectonics is the major factor controlling the occurrence of the karst springs in the area where topography is rather flat. This study aimed at explaining the occurrence and movement of the karst groundwater within the system by use of hydrogeological, chemical, and isotopic tools. Isotopic composition of the waters revealed that all waters in the region are of meteoric origin and the thermal component is due to deep circulation. The catchment area of the hydrogeological system extends to the south and groundwater movement is towards the outlets, which are in a depression along a major fault. The movement of the groundwater, based on analysis of remotely sensed images, is controlled mainly by structural elements.  相似文献   

Geophysical methods applied to fault characterization and earthquake potential assessment in the Lower Tagus Valley, Portugal     

Joo Carvalho  Joo Cabral  Rui Gonalves  Luís Torres  Luís Mendes-Victor 《Tectonophysics》2006,418(3-4):277-297

The study region is located in the Lower Tagus Valley, central Portugal, and includes a large portion of the densely populated area of Lisbon. It is characterized by a moderate seismicity with a diffuse pattern, with historical earthquakes causing many casualties, serious damage and economic losses. Occurrence of earthquakes in the area indicates the presence of seismogenic structures at depth that are deficiently known due to a thick Cenozoic sedimentary cover. The hidden character of many of the faults in the Lower Tagus Valley requires the use of indirect methodologies for their study. This paper focuses on the application of high-resolution seismic reflection method for the detection of near-surface faulting on two major tectonic structures that are hidden under the recent alluvial cover of the Tagus Valley, and that have been recognized on deep oil-industry seismic reflection profiles and/or inferred from the surface geology. These are a WNW–ESE-trending fault zone located within the Lower Tagus Cenozoic basin, across the Tagus River estuary (Porto Alto fault), and a NNE–SSW-trending reverse fault zone that borders the Cenozoic Basin at the W (Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon fault). Vertical electrical soundings were also acquired over the seismic profiles and the refraction interpretation of the reflection data was carried out. According to the interpretation of the collected data, a complex fault pattern disrupts the near surface (first 400 m) at Porto Alto, affecting the Upper Neogene and (at least for one fault) the Quaternary, with a normal offset component. The consistency with the previous oil-industry profiles interpretation supports the location and geometry of this fault zone. Concerning the second structure, two major faults were detected north of Vila Franca de Xira, supporting the extension of the Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon fault zone northwards. One of these faults presents a reverse geometry apparently displacing Holocene alluvium. Vertical offsets of the Holocene sediments detected in the studied geophysical data of Porto Alto and Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon faults imply minimum slip rates of 0.15–0.30 mm/year, three times larger than previously inferred for active faults in the Lower Tagus Valley and maximum estimates of average return periods of 2000–5000 years for M 6.5–7 co-seismic ruptures.  相似文献